Witwatersrand definition and meaning collins english. Imwaru industrial and mining water research unit food lca of starch and other product production at tongaat hullet starch monthly results over 3 year period. The witwatersrand supergroup overlies the dominion group ca. The stratigraphy of the witwatersrand sequence in the delmas area, transvaal. The witwatersrand supergroup which for over a century was the largest goldproducing geological province has also reached maturity with gold production having declined by 77%. Whsl has incorporated the dental library collection since the faculties of medicine and dentistry merged to become the faculty of health sciences. On this page you can find the vrmlmerge program and a couple of vrml97 visualizations including some big ones which can be run and viewed online. It stretches for 350 km long by 200 km wide with a thickness that can exceed. Application of 3d seismic techniques to evaluate ore resources in the west wits line goldfield and portions of the west rand goldfield, south africa musa s. Except on the scale of hand samples, there are no occurrences of gold only, or of uraninite only. Gold is found in the conglomerate strata of the younger members of the supergroup, locally referred to as banket. It is recommended that all files on witse subscribe to common file formats such as pdf, docx, xlsx and rtf. The intellectual property in theses and dissertations belongs to wits, so in the event of students wanting to publish their thesesdissertations or being approached by publishers to publish their thesesdissertations, students would need to obtain permission from wits legal office or. Abstract the mesoarchaean witwatersrand basin represents the largest known gold anomaly and has produced more gold than any other ore province in the world.
Often there are multiple dwf files that must be viewed. Witwatersrand deposits appear to fit a placer mechanism because the calculated gold content of inferred source rocks 0. Study at wits wits offers undergraduate degrees and postgraduate degrees and diplomas, as well as a range of short courses and parttime and online offerings. Already, it is decanting or leaking into our ground water and many people have been seriously affected by this. Witwatersrand definition and meaning collins english dictionary. It consists of a hard, erosionresistant quartzite metamorphic rock, over which several northflowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name witwatersrand, meaning ridge of white waters in afrikaans.
Introduction to mergers and acquisitions 3 acquisitions and takeovers an acquisition, according to krishnamurti and vishwanath 2008 is the purchase of by one company the acquirer of a substantial part of the assets or the securities of another target company. The witwatersrand basin formed over a period of 360 ma between 3074 and 2714 ma. Is there a way to evoke a local system process that will combine dwf file. The witwatersrand locally the rand or, less commonly, the reef is a 56kilometrelong 35 mi, northfacing scarp in south africa. New data on hydrocarbons in auriferous conglomerates of the. The lower or w est rand group mainly comprises iron rich shale and quartzites, while the gold bearing conglomerates occur almost exclusively in the dominantly arenaceous. Allow grease to cool before attempting to move pan. Is it possible to combine multiple dwfs using windows. Witwatersrand sedimentation was followed by eruption of approximately 3 km of lava 2710 ma11 and coeval deposition of localised, but sometimes thick, sedimentary units consisting chiefly of quartzite, siltstone and shale.
The witwatersrand deposit and the problem of the ore. Some farms have been so badly affected that they are no longer operative. Apr 20, 2017 gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible fluids hydrothermal and hydrocarbon in the carbon leader reef, witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. Environmental analysis of plastic environmental analysis of plastic production processes. Durrheim4 abstract as expensive as 3d seismic reflection surveys are, their high. What are some of the reasons i may not be able to log in. Deposition of the predominantly siliciclastic basin fill began shortly after 2985 ma in a shallow marine environment. Thermal properties of stratified rocks from witwatersrand. With the new constitution of 1994, it was divided into eastern transvaal now mpumalanga, northern transvaal now limpopo, pretoriawitwatersrandveereeniging now gauteng, and part of north west prov. Evidence for the primary character of spheroids and the autochthonous crystallization of pyrite under endogenic conditions is furnished. Commonly known as wits, the university of the witwatersrand developed out of the south african school of mines, set up in kimberley in 1896. Home whsl witwatersrand health sciences library libguides. In the present communication, we have attempted to develop and scrutinize this concept based on the study of.
Over 50000 tonnes 55000short tons have been mined from these rocks since this precious metal was first discovered here in 1886. Department of geology, university of the witwatersrand, private bag 3, wits 2050, south africa received 19 december 1994. The fluvial and explosion hydrothermal origin of pyrite spheroids and aubearing pseudoconglomerate is denied. Merge the list of source documents, saving the result in the destination file. Average values for gold on the earth various sources. The witwatersrand is a large basin of metamorphosed conglomerates that forms the greatest goldfield in the world. The witwatersrand health sciences library whsl was established in 1923 as the witwatersrand medical library, to support the medical practitioners on the witwatersrand.
Witwatersrand supergroup wits and note similarities to some fractures in the bushveld complex platinum mines. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss coal measures up to 2. From the inception of mining to 2002, the wwr has produced a total of49,332metrictonnes tauatanaveragerecovery gradeof. Net web sites or windows forms applications, to add pdf merge capabilities to your application.
It would be preferential to combine all desired dwf files so that the user only sees one combined file. The institution moved to johannesburg in 1904 and acquired full university status in 1922. Rockwater and crescent merge to create leading water. The west rand and west wits line goldfields, located on the northern rim of the witwatersrand basin about 40 and 60 km southwest of johannesburg, are concealed by younger overlying strata. A revised stratigraphic framework for the witwatersrand supergroup issue 42 of lithostratigraphic series. Chapter two socioeconomic and political conditions on the. Vrmlmerge convert vrml to x3d, merge vrml 97 files, wrl examples.
The witwatersrand supergroup consists of the west rand and central rand groups fig. Most of the gold in the witwatersrand is present as native gold which occures in a variety of formes and habits, such as microscopic veinlets or overgowths and is usually only visible under the microscope the average gold particle ranges from 0. The witwatersrand basin is approximatly 350 km long and 200 km wide. The witwatersrand basin and its gold deposits springerlink. The association of gold with carbonaceous rocks is. The witwatersrand supergroup consists of the west rand and central rand groups. General stratigraphy of the transvaal supergroup and the bushveld complex the bushveld complex comprises the voluminous, bimodal intrusive magmas of mafic and felsic characteristics into predating transvaal supergroup sediments and rooiberg group volcanics.
Genesis of deposits in the worlds largest witwatersrand auriferous region south africa remains a debatable issue over several decades. Evaluating the structural character and tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin article pdf available in precambrian research 1771. Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin and. Possible liquid immiscibility textures in highmagnesia. New data on hydrocarbons in auriferous conglomerates of.
Wits theses and dissertations are deposited in fulltext onto wiredspace and are accessible around the world. While there is no guarantee that the purdys reward will be of a similar scale or even type of deposit as that, just the comparison is enough to get the gold bugs biting very hard indeed. Placing youth, subcultures and gang formation within the wider social, political, economic and historical context is of equal. Geological setting university of the witwatersrand.
From the start, it embraced a philosophy of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, which led to intense. Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible fluids hydrothermal and hydrocarbon in the carbon leader reef, witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. Life cycle assessment on a food manufacturing facility, south. This predominantly volcanic sequence comprises the ventersdorp supergroup, which is subdivided into three groups figure 2. Vrmlmerge is a usefull tool for vrml and x3d more on this in the vrmlmerge section. University of the witwatersrand, 1970 geology 20 pages. The gold mines in this area are possibly the deepest mines in the world mining operations at 3600 m and exploration coredrilling up to 4600m. Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin. We briefly cover the popular nomenclature of the fractures and focus on the genesis of a set of flatdipping fractures that pose roof stability problems in many stopes. Life cycle assessment comparison of petoleumbased polypropylene and. Click add a pdf file to add pdf files that you wish to merge into a new pdf file.
The first case study deals with recovering gold reef from surface rock dumps srd at kloof gold mine. Witwatersrand basin ventersdorp supergroup seismics structure tectonics firstorder scale structures in the west wits line and west rand gold. Specify an already instantiated and populated array of string containing the names of the pdf files that you want to merge together. Vrmlmerge convert vrml to x3d, merge vrml 97 files, wrl. Oct 16, 2017 john kaiser, founder of kaiser research online, overviews the gold market, novo resources and the potential for the pilbara to become witwatersrand 2. The minimum age for the witwatersrand basin fill, lithostratigraphically described as the witwatersrand supergroup, is determined by a 2714 8 ma date for basaltic lavas in the lower part of the overlying ventersdorp supergroup armstrong et al. Sorne ocelli appear to merge, and discrete light weathering layers may be the ultimate endstage of this coalescence.
Apr 01, 2020 the witwatersrand health sciences library whsl was established in 1923 as the witwatersrand medical library, to support the medical practitioners on the witwatersrand. Based on geological and mineralogicalgeochemical investigations, we previously proposed a sedimentaryexhalative hypothesis for its origin. If you are asked to access the file using a programme that you do not have it is best to discuss. The problem of the origin of the witwatersrand golduranium deposit is considered.
A revised stratigraphic framework for the witwatersrand. The melville koppies nature reserve lies astride the geological unconformity the place where the sediments of the witwatersrand supergroup lie upon the basement rocks. Here are the steps on how to merge, combine or join pdf files. Application of 3d seismic techniques to evaluate ore. The abundance of this gold is without equal anywhere else in the world. Abstract the witwatersrand basin formed over a period of 360 ma between 3074 and 2714 ma. Socioeconomic and political conditions on the witwatersrand, 19301960 introduction as discussed in the preceding chapter, the conceptual boundaries used by scholars to understand subcultures need to be broadened. The witwatersrand plateau consists of a 5 000to7 000metrethick 3. We have an application that allows users access to view dwf files. Witwatersrand system article about witwatersrand system by. Over a period from 2003 to 2010 various test work campaigns and pilot plant work was carried out proving both the technical and economic viability of optical sorting. I read as like merge the list of source documents, saving the. University of the witwatersrand world university rankings the. Apply here for an undergraduate degree or a postgraduate degree or diploma.
Thus the northern slopes have a thick reddish topsoil, the result of the decomposition of the mineralrich granodiorite basement, while the ridges and southern part of the. It was one of the ten regional commands, which, with the walvis bay military area, made up the territorial force. Use the mergepdfs method to merge the specified pdf files into a single output file. The order of the files specified in the array are the order in which the files are merged. The entire series of rocks, known as the witwatersrand supergroup, consists of very hard erosion resistant quartzites, banded ironstones and some marine lava deposits. The lowermost succession of javas in the proterozoic ventersdorp supergroup contains jight weathering.
Net you can combine existing pdf documents, images and texts in a single pdf document. Witwatersrand definition, a rocky ridge in s africa, in the republic of south africa, near johannesburg. The association of gold with carbonaceous rocks is interpreted in. In the witwatersrand, the dolomite is being eaten away by this water, which is in the basins or void, under the witwatersrand ridge. Based in johannesburg, it was responsible for the security of the region, forming the primary level of command for military operations in support of. Rocks of the ventersdorp supergroup are, in turn, overlain by rocks of the 2. Gold grade in the witwatersrand goldfields decreased by 49% over a period of 30 years mu ller and frimmel 2010. Study at wits wits university university of the witwatersrand. Gold deposits encyclopedia of life support systems. Unesco eolss sample chapters geology iv gold deposits herrington r. Each files name, total pages and location are displayed. Upb detrital zircon shrimp, and is made up of coarse clastic rocks and bimodal volcanic rocks.
Task group for the witwatersrand supergroup, council for geoscience south africa editor. The stratigraphy of the witwatersrand sequence in the. The witwatersrand command was a command of the south african army. Rockwater and crescent merge to create leading water management services company author. Pulses of sedimentation within the sequence and its precursors were episodic, occurring between 30863074 ma dominion group, 29702914 ma west rand group and 28942714 ma central rand group.
713 1125 1248 1607 940 826 945 1067 750 896 181 497 1160 140 1627 1174 999 466 1037 1433 1651 1015 519 1493 1230 602 1034 967 1113 152 1211 1429 388 249 1390 1421 1363 109 1446 908 1431 585 381 440 1311 660 555 481 817